On this page, find United States average individual income by race and ethnicity and median individual income by race and ethnicity in 2025. You'll also find the top 1% individual income by race and ethnicity and an income by race and ethnicity calculator (and visualization). Incomes are earned between January and December 2024.
Optionally, plot multiple races and ethnicities in the tool to visualize income inequality by race.
We have statistics for:
- White Non-Hispanic
- Hispanic or Latino of any Race
- Black
- Asian
- American Indian
- Pacific Islander
- Two or More Races
Average, Median, and Top 1% Income by Race and Hispanic Origin
This table contains the average, median, and top 1% individual income for selected races and ethnicities. Country-wide, the average individual income was $77,652.10 the median income was $53,010, and the top 1% income was $450,100 in 2025.
| Average Income | Median Income | Top 1% Income* | |
| White Non-Hispanic | $86,775 | $60,601 | $504,503 |
| Black | $60,012 | $45,050 | $300,000 |
| American Indian | $61,386 | $42,691 | $600,100 |
| Asian | $101,653 | $70,002 | $600,000 |
| Pacific Islander | $71,389 | $50,000 | $303,700 |
| Two or More Races | $67,321 | $45,001 | $409,665 |
| Hispanic or Latino of Any Race | $54,773 | $40,000 | $280,150 |
*Be careful with the top 1%. The ASEC is a big survey, but it's still a survey. It's less reliable up there – consider the median and the average more reliable (and see the number of samples and estimated populations, below).
Race and Ethnicity Income Visualization, Comparison, and Tool
Below is a calculator for income percentile by race and ethnicity. Enter race or ethnicity and income earned in full-year 2024, and we'll plot it against other earners in the same cohort. Additionally, you can visualize income inequality by race by adjusting the comparison field.
Income Percentile by Race and Ethnicity Methodology
This data uses 2024 IPUMS-CPS data to calculate incomes. See the income percentile calculator for more details and a description of my "worker" screen. The HISPAN variable is how I determine Hispanic or Latino of Any Race. The RACE variable maps to most of the tool entries, though Two or More Races comes from RACE > 700.
Sarah Flood, Miriam King, Renae Rodgers, Steven Ruggles, J. Robert Warren, Daniel Backman, Etienne Breton, Grace Cooper, Julia A. Rivera Drew, Stephanie Richards, David Van Riper, and Kari C.W. Williams. IPUMS CPS: Version 13.0 [dataset]. Minneapolis, MN: IPUMS, 2025. https://doi.org/10.18128/D030.V13.0
Workforce Size by Race
The next table shows the samples used in the calculation, and the weighted estimate of the workforce size by race and ethnicity:
| Samples | Estimated Workforce | |
| White Non-Hispanic | 43,071 | 106,336,963 |
| Black | 7,631 | 21,943,739 |
| American Indian | 710 | 1,260,033 |
| Asian | 5,630 | 13,046,535 |
| Pacific Islander | 315 | 558,621 |
| Two or More Races | 1,540 | 3,478,571 |
| Hispanic or Latino of Any Race | 16,337 | 36,550,437 |
Interested in past data? Find previous editions here:
