Triple Angle Formula Calculator

Written by:
PK

Working with an angle identity that involves tripling? This triple angle formula calculator computes all six trigonometric functions for 3θ given any input angle θ.

Triple Angle Calculator

Using the triple angle calculator

Enter your angle in the Angle (θ) field and select Degrees or Radians. The calculator instantly shows all six trigonometric functions for triple that angle: sine, cosine, tangent, and their reciprocals (cosecant, secant, cotangent).

The result title displays the computed angle – enter 20° and you'll see results for 60°.

What are the triple angle formulas?

The triple angle formulas express trigonometric functions of 3θ using only functions of θ. They're more complex than the double angle formulas but follow the same derivation pattern.

Triple angle formula for sine

\sin(3\theta) = 3\sin\theta - 4\sin^3\theta

Triple angle formula for cosine

\cos(3\theta) = 4\cos^3\theta - 3\cos\theta

Triple angle formula for tangent

\tan(3\theta) = \frac{3\tan\theta - \tan^3\theta}{1 - 3\tan^2\theta}

Example: triple angle of 20°

Let's compute sin(60°) using the triple angle formula with θ = 20°. First, sin(20°) ≈ 0.342:

\sin(60°) = 3\sin(20°) - 4\sin^3(20°)
= 3(0.342) - 4(0.342)^3 = 1.026 - 0.160 \approx 0.866

This matches sin(60°) = √3/2 ≈ 0.866.

Deriving the triple angle formulas

The triple angle formulas come from applying the angle addition formula twice. Start with:

\sin(3\theta) = \sin(2\theta + \theta)

Using the angle addition formula:

= \sin(2\theta)\cos\theta + \cos(2\theta)\sin\theta

Substitute the double angle formulas:

= (2\sin\theta\cos\theta)\cos\theta + (1 - 2\sin^2\theta)\sin\theta
= 2\sin\theta\cos^2\theta + \sin\theta - 2\sin^3\theta

Replace cos²θ with 1 - sin²θ:

= 2\sin\theta(1 - \sin^2\theta) + \sin\theta - 2\sin^3\theta
= 2\sin\theta - 2\sin^3\theta + \sin\theta - 2\sin^3\theta = 3\sin\theta - 4\sin^3\theta

The cubic connection

Notice something interesting: the triple angle formulas are cubic polynomials. This connects to the classical problem of trisecting an angle – dividing an angle into three equal parts using only compass and straightedge.

The ancient Greeks tried for centuries to solve this. In 1837, Pierre Wantzel proved it's impossible in general. The proof relies on the fact that the triple angle formula leads to a cubic equation, and most cubic equations can't be solved with compass and straightedge constructions (which only allow square roots).

So when you enter 60° and get results for 20°, you're essentially "trisecting" 60° – something the Greeks couldn't do with their tools, but our calculator handles instantly.

When to use triple angle formulas

Triple angle formulas appear less frequently than half or double angle formulas, but they're useful for:

  • Solving cubic trig equations: Equations like sin(3θ) = k can be converted to cubic polynomials
  • Finding exact values: Compute sin(15°) via sin(45°) = sin(3×15°)
  • Fourier analysis: Expressing higher harmonics in terms of fundamental frequencies
  • Competition math: Trig identity problems often involve triple (or higher) angle formulas

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PK

PK started DQYDJ in 2009 to research and discuss finance and investing and help answer financial questions. He's expanded DQYDJ to build visualizations, calculators, and interactive tools.

PK lives in New Hampshire with his wife, kids, and dog.

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